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594,418[1] 0.19% of the U.S. population (2012)[1]
Peruvian Americans (Spanish: peruvio-americanos, norteamericanos de origen peruano or estadounidenses de origen peruano) are Americans of Peruvian descent. Among Peruvian Americans there are those of White (mostly Spanish), mestizo, Amerindian, and Afro-Peruvian descent, as well as others, including Italian, French, German, and Arab, or a mix of any of these. A significant number are of pure or mixed Chinese and/or Japanese heritage.
Peruvians have emigrated mainly due to political turmoil and economic hardships. Peruvian Americans are a relatively recent ethnic group, as most of them have moved to the United States since 1990. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 594,418 U.S. residents identify themselves as being of Peruvian origin.[7]
Small but significant waves of immigration occurred in San Francisco during the gold rush (along with Chilean miners beginning in 1848) and the Metro Detroit area in the 1950s. However, the majority of Peruvians that have emigrated to the United States have arrived since the 90s. Peruvians typically emigrate due to economic reasons, to escape poverty and pursue a better quality of life. Significant demographics of Peruvians are found in Northern New Jersey,[2][3] the New York City Metropolitan Area, Miami, the Washington, D.C. Metropolitan Area, and Los Angeles.
The most famous and first aspect of Peruvian culture that deals with the United States is the book, "The Incas's Florida" La Florida del Inca written at the end of sixteenth century by the Inca Garcilaso de la Vega. Garcilaso's book details the travels of the explorer Hernando de Soto who had participated in the Forty-Years War between the Incas and the Spanish (1531–1571) and who later came to the lands that would become the United States and that the Spanish called "Florida."
The most popular dishes of Peruvian food in the U.S. include cebiche (raw fish "cooked" in lime juice), papa a la huancaina, and anticuchos y tamales. Peruvian cuisine is often recognized for being one of the most diverse and appreciated of the Latin American cuisines, with influences including European, Native American, and African. Since there is a sizable Chinese and Japanese minority in Peru, an Asian influence has also been deeply incorporated in Peruvian cuisine. There are Chifas, or Asian style Peruvian restaurants that serve typical Chinese or Japanese food with a Peruvian culinary influence. Inca Kola, a soda that originated in Peru, is sold in many heavily concentrated Latino areas. Pisco, a clear grape brandy, is the national liquor of Peru and the main ingredient of its national cocktail, the Pisco Sour.
Despite being a relatively recent ethnic group, the median household income for Peruvians meets the average American household income and 30% of all Peruvians over the age of 25 have college degrees,[8] exceeding the US national average of 24%.
The Peruvian American Coalition in Passaic, New Jersey[9] functions as an activist organization on behalf of the overall welfare of Peruvian Americans.
Peruvians have settled throughout the United States, migrating particularly to Northern New Jersey and the New York City Metropolitan Area, the Miami metropolitan area, the Washington Metropolitan Area, and the Los Angeles metropolitan area.[10]
Notably, a rapidly growing number of Peruvian Americans have established an increasingly prominent community in Paterson, New Jersey,[2] which is considered by many to be the capital of the Peruvian Diaspora in the United States,[5] partially owing to the presence of the Peruvian Consulate. Market Street, the Little Lima in downtown Paterson, is the largest Peruvian American enclave and is lined with Peruvian-owned restaurants, bakeries, delicatessens, bodegas, travel agencies, and other businesses. The Peruvian American community has expanded into Paterson's neighboring areas of Fair Lawn, Elmwood Park, Clifton, and Passaic in Northern New Jersey as well, all within the New York City Metropolitan Area.
The 10 states with the largest Peruvian population were (Source: Census 2010[11]):
The U.S. state with the smallest Peruvian population (as of 2010) was North Dakota with 78 Peruvians (less than 0.1% of state population).
The top 25 US communities with the highest percentage of people claiming Peruvian ancestry are:[12]
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Paterson, New Jersey, Bergen County, New Jersey, Camden, New Jersey
French language, Colombia, Mexico, Nicaragua, Catalan language
The New York Times, United States Census Bureau, New York City, The Record (Bergen County), Passaic County, New Jersey
Colombia, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Brazil
Mexico, Puerto Rico, California, Texas, Florida
Hispanic and Latino Americans, Chilean American, Mexican American, Mestizo, Hispanos
Islam, Hispanic and Latino Americans, Muhammad, Haitian American, United States
New York, Spanish language, Hispanic and Latino Americans, California, New Jersey
Spanish language, Virginia, Rhode Island, Hispanic and Latino Americans, Maryland